The Enhanced Bioactivity and Health Benefits of Black Ginseng

by Application of Green Reagents in Pharmaceutical Synthesis on Jun 19th, 2025 09:22 AM

Black ginseng is a specially processed form of ginseng that is derived from either white or red ginseng through a unique process of repeated steaming and drying. This process leads to significant changes in the chemical composition of the plant, particularly in the secondary metabolites. The primary bioactive compounds in ginseng, known as ginsenosides (dammarane-type triterpene saponins), undergo transformation into less polar forms during the steaming process, which enhances the bioactivity of black ginseng[1]. Along with this transformation, other secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, and acidic polysaccharides, are also enriched, while free amino acids and total polysaccharides decrease.

Additionally, Maillard reaction products like maltol have been found in black ginseng, further contributing to its unique properties. These chemical changes are reflected in various comparative biological studies, where black ginseng has demonstrated superior benefits over both white and red ginseng.

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